Atlas of plant and animal histology

Choose true or false. Each right answer scores 1, and each wrong answer scores -1. Not answered questions score 0.

1) Peroxisomes are organelles bound by two membranes.

2) Peroxisomes serve mostly as metabolic organelles.

3) Peroxisomes perform beta-oxidation and remove hydrogen peroxide.

4) Peroxisomes are major organelles of vesicular trafficking.

5) Catalase and urate oxidase are enzymes synthesized in peroxisomes.

6) Glyoxisomes are highly differentiated mitochondria.

7) Mitochondria are only present in those eukaryote cells with high energy demand.

8) Mitochondrial cristae are evaginations of the outer mitochondrial membrane.

9) Mitochondria may divide and fuse with one another so that they can form mitochondrial networks.

10) The outer membrane of mitochondria is more permeable than the inner one.

11) In the mitochondria, the nucleoid contains the DNA, and it is enclosed by a membrane, similar to the nuclear envelope.

12) One major function of mitochondria is to produce ATP.

13) Proteins of the respiratory chain are found in the mitochondrial cristae.

14) Mitochondrial cristae are inner membrane expansions for protecting the mitochondrial DNA.

15) The majority of cellular ATP is produced by ATPases, which are located in the mitochondrial cristae.

16) The main role of the respiratory chain is to generate a proton gradient. v

17) The oxygen that we breathe is used by mitochondrial ATPases to produce ATP.

18) The NADH dehydrogenase complex is found at the end of the respiratory chain of mitochondria.

19) Chloroplasts are present in all plant cells.

20) The chloroplast is a type of plastid.

21) There are cristae in the inner membranes of chloroplasts.

22) Thylakoids form structures known as grana.

23) Sunlight captured for photosynthesis happens in the membranes of thylakoids.

24) The inner space of chloroplasts, outside thylakoids, is called stroma.

25) The CO₂ that plants need is captured by chlorophyll molecules found in photosystems I and II.

26) The oxygen released by plants is produced after water hydrolysis happens in photosystem II.

27) The flux of electrons from the photosystem II to NADP-reductase protein contributes to generating a proton gradient between the intermembrane space and the stroma of chloroplasts.

28) Lipid droplets are organelles for lipid storage found in the nucleoplasm.

29) Fat in lipid droplets is a source of energy.

30) Osteocytes are cells specialized in storing lipids.

31) The lipid droplet content is separated from the cytosol by a bilayer membrane.

32) Lipid droplets are generated in the endoplasmic reticulum.