Atlas of plant and animal histology

Choose true or false. Each right answer scores 1, and each wrong answer scores -1. Not answered questions score 0.

1) The cephalic region of the digestive system includes the esophagus.

2) Tissues that form the digestive tract are distributed in four layers.

3) The smooth muscle of the digestive tract is restricted to the muscularis layer.

4) The liver and pancreas independently release their contents into the large intestine.

5) La lengua está formada por músculo estriado esquelético.

6) The tongue is joined to the bones by tendons.

7) The tongue epithelium is stratified squamous.

8) Taste is processed in the gustatory buds.

9) Gustatory buds are found in the filiform papillae.

10) Different tastes are detected by specific regions of the tongue, following the regionally distribution of the different type of papillae.

11) Salivary glands are endocrine glands because they release into the oral cavity. Las glándulas salivales son glándulas endocrinas, puesto que secretan al interior de la cavidad bucal.

12) There are three major salivary glands.

13) Accessory salivary glands are small glands.

14) The morphology of the secretory part of the salivary glands is alveolar.

15) Salivary glands are serous glands.

16) LLubrication and starting food degradation are functions of the saliva.

17) The tooth crown is the part inserted in the maxillary bone.

18) The enamel is the hardest and outermost layer of the tooth.

19) From the inside to the outside of the tooth, there are enamel, cementum, dentine, and pulp.

20) Odontoblasts synthesize dentine and are found between the cementum and the dentine.

21) The esophagus epithelium is non-keratinized squamous stratified.

22) The mucosa of the esophagus contains smooth muscle.

23) There are neurons in the esophagus.

24) The adventitia layer separates the mucosa from the mucosa of the esophagus.

25) The stomach is divided into four regions: cardia, fundus, pyloric antrum, and jejunum.

26) The four layers of the stomach wall are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

27) The stomach epithelium is stratified to protect the stomach wall from the gastric acids.

28) Cells that release pepsin and mucus are found in the invaginations of the stomach epithelium.

29) The stomach is connected to the esophagus by the cardia.

30) The jejunum is a part of the stomach.

31) Digestive food is mostly absorbed in the small intestine.

32) The folds of the intestinal mucosa are known as villi.

33) In the small intestine, there are invaginations in the mucosa known as crypts of Lieberkühn.

34) The goblet cells are the most abundant type of cell of the small intestine epithelium.

35) The inner muscular layer of the small intestine contains muscle cells oriented parallel to the intestine's larger axis, that is, longitudinally.

36) The colon is a part of the large intestine.

37) The large intestine shows intestinal villi.

38) The water absorption is mostly done in the large intestine.

39) The liver functions as a digestive gland.

40) Absorbed molecules after digestion are carried to the liver.

41) The Langerhans islets are the anatomical unit of the pancreas.

42) The central vein is found at the middle point between several lobules of the liver.

43) Portal triads of the liver are formed of one artery, one vein, and one bile duct.

44) Sinusoidal capillaries of the liver connect the arteries and veins of the triads to the central vein in each lobule.

45) Bile ducts get the endocrine products of the liver lobules.

46) Hepatocytes are major detoxification cells.

47) Bile produced by the liver is directly released into the small intestine.

48) The pancreas is divided into an exocrine and an endocrine component.

49) The exocrine cells of the pancreas are known as acinar cells.

50) The pancreatic secretion contains bile salts.

51) Endocrine cells of the pancreas are grouped into centroacinar lobules. Las células endocrinas del páncreas se agrupan en los lobulillos centroacinares.

52) Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by the pancreas.

F-1) This is a picture of a salivary gland stained with hematoxylin-eosin, where the clear zone pointed to with the arrows is the mucous part of the gland.

F-2) Image A shows filiform papillae, B a fungiform papilla, and C a folliate papilla.

F-3) Arrows indicate the dentine of the tooth.

F-4) Points surround the submucosa of the esophagus.

F-5) Red points enclose the gastric glands.

F-6) The dotted line encloses the intestinal villi.

F-7) This image is from the small intestine.

F-8) The dotted line encloses the places where the portal triads of the liver are found.

F-9) Asterisks indicate centroacinar cells of the pancreas.