THE CELL / CELL TYPES
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- The cell
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1 - Introduction
Cell diversity
Cell size
Discovery of the cell - S - E
Discovering cell division
A. van Leeuwenhoek
The cell theory
Origen of the cell - S - E
ARN world
Cellularity
The origin of eukayriotes - S
Endosymbiosis
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2 - Extracellular matrix
Structural proteins
Carbohydrates
Hyaluronic acid
Glycoproteins
More than adhesion
Types
Cell wall -
3 - Cell membrane
Membrane models
Lipids - S - E
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fluidity, permeability - S
Asymmetry, repairing
Synthesis
Transport
Adhesion
Cell junctions
Gap junctions
Plasmodesmata
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4 - Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Chromatin
Nucleolus
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5 - Vesicular trafficking
Vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum - S - E
From the reticulum to the Golgi - S
Golgi apparatus - S - E
Exocytosis
Extracellular vesicles
Endocytosis - S - E
Transcytosis
Endosomes
Lysosomes
Autophagy
In plant cells
Vacuoles
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6 - Non vesicular
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria - S - E
Plastids
Chloroplast
Lipid droplets
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7 - Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Actin filaments
Microvilli
Microtubules
Cilia and flagela
Centriole/basal body
Intermediate filaments
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8 - Cell cycle
Apoptosis
Centrosome and cell cycle
Cell cycle regulation
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase. Mitosis - S
Chromosomes
Cohesins and condensins - 9 - Meiosis.
- Quizzes
- Glossary
- Bibliography
TISSUES
- Animal tissues
- Introduction
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1 - Epithelium
Covering
Simple squamous
Keratinized stratified squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified columnar
Transitional
Pseudostratified
Glandular
Intraepithelial unicellular
Exocrine gland
Salivary gland
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Pancreas -
2 - Connective tissues
Connective tissue proper
Gelatinous
Mesenchymal
Reticular
Loose
Loose 2
Dense irregular
Dense regular
Elastic fibers
Adipose
White fat
Brown fat
Cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Articular
Fibrocartilage
Bone tissue
Bone cells
Collagen fibers
Trabecular bone
Compact bone
Blood
Blood cells
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3 - Muscle
Striated skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle -
4 - Nervous tissue
Neuron-glia
Ganglion cells
Ependyma
- All tissues
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All images
- Quizzes
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Plant tissues
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Introduction
1 - Meristems - S
Shoot apical meristem
Root apical meristem
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
2 - Parenchyma - S
Photosynthetic
Aeriferous
Storage
Aquiferous
3 - Support
Angular collenchyma
Lamellar collenchyma
Lacunar collenchyma
Annular collenchyma
Sclerenchyma, fibers
Sclerenchyma, sclereids
4 - Vascular - S - E
Metaxylem, metaphloem
Xylem, phloem
5 - Protection tissues - S - E
Epidermis
Stoma
Trichomes
Periderm
6 - Glandular tissues - S
Resin ducts - Quizzes
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Animal organs
- 1 - Introduction
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2 - Nervous system
Central nervous system
Spinal cord
Rombencephalon
Mesencephalon
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Subpallium
Pallium
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Peripheral nervous system
Ganglion
Nerve
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3 - Senses - S
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4 - Integument
Thin skin
Thick skin
Epidermis
Eccrine sweat gland
Nail
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5 - Cardiovascular system
Elastic artery
Arteriole
Capillaries
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6 - Lymphatic system
Spleen -
7 - Reproductive system
Female
Ovary
Ovarian follicles
Male
Seminiferous tubules
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
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8 - Digestive system
Tongue
Salivary glands
Tooth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver and pancreas
Liver
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9 - Excretory system
- 10 - Respiratory system
- 11 - Endocrine system
- 12 - Motor system
- Quizzes
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Plant organs
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1 - Root
Primary growth
Monocot
Dicot
Secondary growth
Dicot
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2 - Stem
Primary growth
Monocot
Dicot
Secondary growth
Dicot
Gymnosperm
Sambucus
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3 - Leaf
Dicot
Gymnosperm
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4 - Flower - S
Flower
Petals and sepals
Stamens
Ovary
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5 - Cone
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6 - Seed
Apple seed
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7 - Fruit
Pericarp: apple
Pericarp: orange - Glossary
- Bibliography
- Common techniques
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1 - Introduction
Histological processing
Artifacts
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2 - Fixation
Fixation methods
Fixatives
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3 - Embedding
Paraffin
Resin
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4 - Sectioning
Paraffin microtome
Vibratome
Cryotome
Ultramicrotome -
5 - Staining
General staining
Hematoxylin
Dyes classification
Histochemistry
Lectins
Immunohistochemistry
Antigen retrieval
Hybridization -
6 - Visualization
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy - Glossary
- Bibliography
- Protocols
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Gelatin coated slides
Clearing of tissues
Decalcification
1 - Staining
Heidenhain's thrichrome
Toluidine blue (animals)
Toluidine blue (plants)
Hematoxylin-eosin
Hematoxylin-eosin, Alcian blue
Heidenhain's hematoxylin
Pas-hematoxylin
Pas-Alcian blue
Safranin Acian blue/fast green
Johansen's safranin/fast green
Nissl stainig
Woelcke's staining
Gomori's trichrome
Masson's trichrome
Van Gieson's trichrome
2 - Others
Golgi in sections
Silver nitrate
3 - Histoenzimology
NADPH diaphorase
4 - Quantification
Stereology
- Recipes
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1 - Ethanol gradations
2 - Fixatives
Bouin
Carnoy
FAA
PLP
3 - Dyes
Alcian blue
Toluidine blue
Scarlet fuchsin
Carazzi's hematoxylin
Ehrlich's hematoxylin
Gill's hematoxylin
Harris's hematoxylin
Mayer's hematoxylin
Weigert's hematoxylin
Van Gieson's picrofuschsin
Schiff reactive
Neutral red
Safranin
Light green, fast green
Cresyl violet
- Plant
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Primary root, onion
Primary root, buttercup
Primary root, corn
Primary root, iris
Primary stem, monocot
Primary stem, dicot
Primary stem, dicot, mallow
Primary stem, dicot, buttercup
Primary stem, dicot, anise
Secondary stem, dicot, elderberry
Secondary stem, gymnosperm, pine
Leaf, oak
Leaf, camellia
Leaf, pine
Flower